Scientists discovered that a melting ice sheet 8,000 years ago impacted global climate patterns. The study provides insights into potential future climate effects from Greenland’s melting ice. PHOTO/UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS.
By PATRICK MAYOYO
Scientists analyzing geological samples from Scotland’s Ythan Estuary have pinpointed a melting ice sheet as the likely trigger of a major climate-change event just over 8,000 years ago.
The study, conducted by a collaborative team of geoscientists from four universities in Yorkshire under the leadership of Dr. Graham Rush — affiliated with both the University of Leeds and Leeds Beckett University, might offer insights into the potential impacts of current ice melt in Greenland on global climate patterns.
The study published in Quaternary Science Advances, says more than 8,000 years ago, the North Atlantic and Northern Europe experienced significant cooling because of changes to a major system of ocean currents known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, or AMOC. The change in AMOC also affected global rainfall patterns.
The authors of the study believe the study gives an insight into how the current-day melting of ice sheets in Greenland may affect global climate systems.
“We know that the AMOC is currently slowing down and, although still debated, some forecasts indicate it could shut down altogether. However, by looking at past events we can learn more about what causes these changes and their likelihood,” Dr Rush noted.
Rapid ice-sheet retreat
Dr Rush added that in their study they had shown that rapid ice-sheet retreat, which may occur in Greenland depending on the path of future fossil fuel emissions, can cause a range of significant climatic effects that would have very worrying consequences.
The researchers believe that an influx of a massive amount of freshwater into the salt-water seas of the North Atlantic caused the AMOC to break down.
The research team took core samples from the sediment in the Ythan Estuary to build up a picture of what was happening to sea levels 8,000-plus years ago.
Shows the sediment core being taken from the Ythan Estuary. PHOTO/University of Leeds.
From analyzing microfossils and the sediment in the samples, they found that sea-level changes departed from normal background fluctuations of around two millimeters a year and reached 13 millimeters a year with individual sea-level events resulting in water rising most likely by about 2 meters in the Ythan Estuary.
“The analysis of the core samples provides further evidence that there were at least two major sources of freshwater that drained into the North Atlantic, causing the changes to the AMOC, and not a single source as previously thought,” the scientists note.
View held by many scientists
They added that the view held by many scientists was that the freshwater had come from a giant lake — Lake Agassiz-Ojibway, which was the size of the Black Sea and was situated near what is now northern Ontario -which had drained into the ocean.
“We have shown, that although huge, the lake was not large enough to account for all that water going into the ocean and causing the sea-level rise that we observed,” Dr Rush said in a press release by University of Leeds.
Instead, Dr Rush and his colleagues believe the melting of the Hudson Bay Ice Saddle which covered much of eastern Canada and the north-eastern United States provided the injection of vast quantities of water that was reflected in the core samples.
Ocean circulation distributes heat
The scientists say heat energy drives the world’s climate and the disruption to the ocean current had major ramifications around the world.
“Temperatures in the North Atlantic and Europe dropped by between 1.5 and 5 degrees C and lasted for about 200 years, with other regions experiencing above-average warming. Levels of rainfall also increased in Europe, while other parts of the world, such as parts of Africa, experienced drier conditions and extended periods of drought,” they observed.
